DNB Final Examination (RESPIRATORY DISEASES) Previous Years Question Papers

this the link for previous years Q papers of DNB respiratory medicineexam

http://natboard.edu.in/notice_for_dnb_candidates/RESPIRATORY%20DISEASES.pdf

The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score

The SOFA system was created in a consensus meeting of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine in 1994 and further revised in 1996. The SOFA is a six-organ dysfunction/failure score measuring multiple organ failure daily. Each organ is graded from 0 (normal) to 4 (the most abnormal), providing a daily score of 0 to 24 points. The objective in the development of the SOFA was to create a simple, reliable, and continuous score easily obtained in every institution.

Sequential assessment of organ dysfunction during the first few days of ICU admission is a good indicator of prognosis. Both the mean and highest SOFA scores are particularly useful predictors of outcome. Independent of the initial score, an increase in SOFA score during the first 48 hours in the ICU predicts a mortality rate of at least 50%.

FOUR Score for Comatose Patients

Eye response

4 = eyelids open or opened, tracking, or blinking to command

3 = eyelids open but not tracking

2 = eyelids closed but open to loud voice

1 = eyelids closed but open to pain

0 = eyelids remain closed with pain

Motor response

4 = thumbs-up, fist, or peace sign

3 = localizing to pain

2 = flexion response to pain

1 = extension response to pain

0 = no response to pain or generalized myoclonus status

Brainstem reflexes

4 = pupil and corneal reflexes present

3 = one pupil wide and fixed

2 = pupil or corneal reflexes absent

1 = pupil and corneal reflexes absent

0 = absent pupil, corneal, and cough reflex

Respiration

4 = not intubated, regular breathing pattern

3 = not intubated, Cheyne–Stokes breathing pattern

2 = not intubated, irregular breathing

1 = breathes above ventilator rate

0 = breathes at ventilator rate or apnea

FOUR = Full Outline of UnResponsiveness.